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(study of West Bali National Supporter Area)
Aufhor: Ulfa Binada, Gita Zulfie
(Indonesian CPDS researcher)
Public policy implementation often involves three major entities, which are government, private sector, and civil society (Steven E. Daniels and Walker, 2001). Between the private sector, the government and the society have always built a birorating constellation in various development (Binada, 2023). The role of bureaucracy in the execution of policy is to determine its success, while the interaction with external actors also affects the process of policy. (Taufik, 2017).
In terms of the implementation of policy, various stakeholder and actors involved with the interaction between them was built through the institutions with related interests (Ansell et al., 2020; Ansell & Gash, 2008). Government networks (network governance) check how emotions and actions actors are understood and regulated as well as how social and policy processes can affect the basic ideas (Emerson et al., 2012; Kirk Emerson and Tina Nabatchi, 2015). Implementation of policy in the context of governance is closely linked to the interaction (Budiman et al., 2019) and the skeholder behavior involved, which can have any desired or unwanted impact (Elston & Bel, 2022).
In a local context, public policy often requires collaboration between different parties because it cannot be carried out independently by one entity. Decentralization gives local governments a chance to get closer to the needs of society and improve the democratization of government processes. However, decentralization also carries a fragmentation that allows the relationship between the central government and the area, and between the areas. The importance of interregional relations is becoming more and more prominent, especially in terms of resource limitations and an effort to increase public service efficiency (Tle, 2016). Various forms of interstate cooperation have been recorded, including government service contracts, mutual deals, and government service transfers. Despite this, constraints such as ego-sectoral (Tle, 2016) and complexity fiscal incentives often become a hindrance in creating effective cooperation (Wright & Sludge, 2021).
