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The Executive Director of the World Economic Forum (WEF) Professor Klaus Schwab in 2017 states that the 4.0 Industrial Revolution will fundamentally change the way we live, work, and connect to each other. Because, the transformation that's going to happen has a scale, scope and complexity that humans have never experienced before.

And for that, it would have to be known the technology of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 that could be used by any field outside the manufacturing sector and nonmanufacturing, other than trade and finance. It reviewed the potential application of industrial revolution technology 4.0 for marine conservation in Indonesia and the challenges it faced.

Why marine conservation?

Two-thirds of Indonesia is a very rich ocean of biodiversity. We have 75 percent of the world's hard coral species, about 18 percent of the world's total vast coral reefs; about 3,000 out of 15,000 more species of world sea fish; and microbes and marine genetics are abundant for biotechnology development and biopharmacology.

On the other hand, Indonesian biodiversity is under pressure from human activity. In 2003-2016, the percentage of a healthy coral cover went down all over Indonesia; now it's about 6 percent that's still in excellent condition.Compass8 / 6 / 2017). While fisheries in several parts of the Indonesian ocean are reported to have overexploited or been fully exploited (Suman dkk, 2014).

Biodiversity can be updated. Therefore, there must be an attempt to ensure that today's utilization does not hinder future generations of utilization. Conservation is the perfect choice for this purpose. The conservation in the 21st century was so much different from the first time developed over a century and a half.

Conservation has evolved from the protection of an exclusive so exclusive, involving communities and makers of other interests. Today's conservation is about controlling human exploitative behavior and practices. The basic principle is swa- management and control to balance protection with sustainable utilization. This principle is important because without protection, the continued supply of biodiversity services cannot be secured and without sustainable utilization will be difficult to finance biodiversity protection. Conservation is done through established areas like parks and marine asylum or through applications of policy combined with quota and market incentives for species conservation. There are currently more than 170 marine conservation areas scattered from Sabang to Merauke with approximately 19 million acres. The economic benefits are real because most of Bahari's travel is happening in marine conservation areas, like in Wakatobi and King Ampat. Likewise for fisheries; conservation areas provide spawning, colonizing and growing commercial-value fish that then supply water outside the area to be captured by fishermen.

Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PWC) and Stanford University for WEF in 2017 mentioned that eight of the 14 industrial revolution technology groups 4.0 can be used for marine conservation, especially to protect species and habitat and support sustainable fisheries. The 4.0 industrial revolution technology force, among other things, is forward sensor platforms, artificial intelligence (artists intelligence- AI), nirawak aircraft and autonomous rides, and biotechnology.

This technology can strengthen the protection of species, through the application of intelligent systems to track and manage species that migrate far from one place to another, like turtles, whales, and whales. For habitat protection, nirawak rides (dronecan be used to know the extraction of vital resources instantly or to monitor the limits of marine conservation areas.

The reef events were hit by a cruise ship in King Ambat that doesn't have to happen if all marine conservation areas have points and lines that are digitally recorded and accessible via satellite. The digital boundaries provide information about the whereabouts and location of conservation areas to any yacht that would sail the waters of King Ambat in the first place. For sustainable fisheries, industrial revolution technology 4.0 is used to build its own eggs (traceability) that will increase the sales power of Indonesian fisheries. It's to ensure that the fish are captured in a friendly way, not taken from the waters of the conservation area, and not threaten the complete reserve fish because only the fish are old enough or worthy of capture are captured and sold. Thus, Indonesian fishing products would be easier to penetrate markets that apply strict requirements like European countries.

The latest PWC studies launched in January 2018 proposed the use of AI for marine conservation. Al's progress has allowed him to be a system that can "experience" the environment; "think," "study," and "respond to what he feels" through appropriate programming. Two of the four AI systems, which are reinforced intelligence systems.augmented intelligence systems) and autonomous intelligence system (autonomous intelligence systems), rated the most potential to support marine conservation.

An amplified intelligence system can be used to help understand and predict uncertain futures. For example, to test whether an endangered species's protection policy can recover the species's population, AI can be used to construct scenarios and resurrect the best choices. The autonomous intelligence system is used to make automatic decision-making without human help. The autonomous intelligence system can also be used to prevent overfishing by implementing the limits of fishing somewhere. If an increase in demand for a commercial-value fish species, the AI system will take a decision to guide how many fish can be taken by considering the availability and the recovery rate of related fish populations. When that threshold value is achieved, fishing must be stopped to give the fish a chance to recover.

Challenge for marine conservation

All the samples above require enormous amounts of data. Without data, the 4.0 industrial revolution cannot be used to support marine conservation. The question is, we're still very short on the data we need and the best people to collect it. In order for the 4.0 industrial revolution to be effective in supporting marine conservation, there needs to be a change in the development paradigm that stands up for natural resource utilization. The technology of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution is missing when forms of exploitation for short-term profits are still dominant everywhere. The necessary paradigm is a truly sustainable development to evoke economic, social and environmental benefits.

Moreover, Indonesia also do not forget to create a blueprint for scientific development and technology to anticipate an industrial revolution 4.0. For marine conservation, the absence of blueprints will result in a host in our own home, but to know that our home can only engulf it through a foreign land far away.

Source:

A Tony Prasemantono's economic analysis of the fourth wave industrial revolution (compass, 10 / 4 / 2018), news column Lapan (Compas, 13 / 4 / 2018), and article Arif Satria (Compas, 19 / 2018) suggests we should be ready to anticipate an industrial revolution 4.0.