Installing Area Development Plan

The development of the region is an important part of the decentralized system that puts the local government as the tip of the spear in increasing the well-being of society. In the last two decades, Indonesia has been trying to build a participatory planning system through interactor collaboration, involving governments, communities, academics, private sector and non-government organizations. However, although regulative collaboration principles have been set up clearly, his implementation on the field is still far from ideal.

According to the 2004 25-Year Act of the National Development Planning System, the drafting of development plans must be put together between the central government and the area and involved community participation. This is reinforced by the 23-Year 2014 Act on State Government, which confirms that the development of the area is mandatory to be oriented to local needs and potential. In addition, 2017's 86 Permendagri has set up the drafting, controlling, and evaluation of plans for the development of the area (RPJPD, RPJMD, and RKPD) which emphasizes multiple involvement.

However, the Baptist data (2023), shows that only about 42% of the local governments engage nongovernmental elements actively in drafting the RPJMD document. The rest are still formalities of public participation only manifested through the annual Musrenbang forum which has yet to be significant to policy priorities. From the results of RPJMD evaluation 2019-2023 in 98 districts / cities, more than half the public Musrenbang recommendations do not enter the RPJMD's final document as it is judged "not synchronized with national priority" or "outside the jurisdiction of the region."

This phenomenon describes the gap between regulation and implementation. At a normal level, all mechanisms are available. But in practice, local governments still dominate planning processes, whereas communities, private sectors and academics are often only involved in the consulting stage. As a result, the development plan produced tends to be tecnocratic and not entirely reflecting on local needs.

According to the collaborative governance theory, effective collaboration demands the presence of trust building, open communication, and long-term commitment between actors. The government can no longer act as the only decision maker, but it has to be a facilitator and a connection between my star interests. In terms of the development of the area, the ideal multiactor collaboration involves:

The local government (Baptist, OPD) as coordinator;
Civilian society and local groups as conduits of aspirations and needs;
The academic and college as provider for policy analysis and empirical data;
Private sector and the business world as partners funding and innovation;
Media and NGO as public supervisors and development informers.

One example of a relatively successful collaborative application exists in Surabaya City. City governments actively involve colleges like ITS and Airlangga University in drafting Smart City Masterplan. This project involves not only bureaucrats, but also the digital community and the people who do UMKM to determine the priority of innovation based on the needs of citizens. As a result, by 2023, the Surat Development Index reached 75.12, higher than national average. It shows that cross-actor collaboration can encourage more concrete development.

Instead, in some other areas such as the Malang District or Proboinggo Regency, the participation of society in Musrenbang is still very low. According to the 2022 BPS data, only 34% of the villagers know the Musrenbang process, and only 12% are ever directly involved. The low literacy of these plans makes society difficult to play in decision-making. Moreover, the sectoral ego between the OPD is still strong; each service tends to focus on its own target performance without seeing the synergy between sectors. As a result, the development plan became structured and is difficult to execute integratively.

From the regulatory side, the government has actually given us an innovation space. In President's Rule No. 18, 2020 { blur2 fad (200,500)} Collaboration (government, academics, businesses, communities and media) are the basis of national development approaches. This model is then adapted by some areas, such as the Stone City that developed collaborative forums between Parental Services, the umkM offenders, and the local community in order to organize local area development plans. Despite the early stages, this approach shows an increased effectiveness of communication between the stars and produces a more realistic priority program.

To strengthen multi-actor collaboration, there are some strategic steps that need to be made:

Increasing the institutional capacity of Baptizer as a cross-sector coordinator with the support of integrated planning information systems.
Increasing community planning literacy, especially at the village level and desertion, so that participation is not just a formality.
Pushing development data transparency, for example, by opening RPJMD data access and online Musrenbang results.
Building partnerships with colleges and private sectors, both data gathering, policy formulation, and program funding.
Applying a participatory model of evaluation, where people will follow and assess the success of development.

With those steps, it is expected that the development plan of the area can transform from the pattern top-down be Collaborative government A true one. The government no longer acts as a single actor, but a facilitator that connects interests to shared development purposes.

Multiactor collaboration is not just an administrative jargon, but a strategic need to face the complexity of modern development. In an era of digital disruption and global climate change, the development challenges got multidimensional, so the single solutions of the government were no longer adequate. Only with cross-sector collaboration, development planning can become adaptive, exclusive and sustainable.

If any area is able to balance between participatory regulation and collaborative implementation, then the primary purpose of decentralization is that the increase of public welfare through local-based development is no longer just ideals, but the reality that can be realized together.

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